Share your knowledge and create a knowledgebase.
Share your knowledge and create a knowledgebase.
PHP date fuction is used to format local date/time. Core of the date function is timestamp which is "the number of seconds from January 1, 1970 at 00:00" Otherwise known as the Unix Timestamp, this measurement is a widely used standard that PHP has chosen to utilize.
php date function Syntax:
string date ( string $format[, int $timestamp ] )
The date function uses letters of the alphabet to represent various parts of a typical date and time format. e.g. :
We’ll tell you the rest of the options later, but for now let’s use those above letters to format a simple date! The letters that PHP uses to represent parts of date and time will automatically be converted by PHP.
However, other characters like a slash "/ - :" can be inserted between the letters to add additional formatting. e.g.
<?php
echo date("m/d/y");
echo date("m-d-y");
?>
Output will be
02/27/10
02-27-10
respectively.
Every call to a date/time function will generate a E_NOTICE if the time zone is not valid, and/or a E_STRICT message if using the system settings or the
Below is an example which shows, the first argument of the date function tells PHP how you would like your date and time displayed. The second argument allows for a timestamp and is optional.
This example uses the mktime function to create a timestamp for tomorrow. To go one day in the future we simply add one to the day argument of mktime. For your future reference, we have the arguments of mktime.
Note: These arguments are all optional. If you do not supply any arguments the current time will be used to create the timestamp.
<?php
$tomorrow = mktime(0, 0, 0, date("m"), date("d")+1, date("y"));
echo "Tomorrow is ".date("m/d/y", $tomorrow);
?>
Output will be
Tomorrow is 02/28/10
Important Full Date and Time:
Time:
Day:
Month:
Year:
Other Formatting:
Calculate days between two given dates. For example, if $datum1 = 20071215 and $datum2 = 20081215, the output will be 366
<?php
function calculate_day_between($datum1,$datum2)
{
if( is_numeric($datum1) && is_numeric($datum2) && strlen($datum1) == 8 && strlen($datum2) == 8 )
{
$dat = ($datum1 < $datum2)? $datum1 : $datum2;
$datv = ($datum1 < $datum2)? $datum2 : $datum1;
$i = 0;
while( $dat < $datv)
{
$i++;
switch(substr($dat,6,2))
{
case ‘28′: $dat += (substr($dat,4,2) == 02 && substr($dat,0,4)%4 > 0 )? 73 : 1;
break;
case ‘29′: $dat += (substr($dat,4,2) == 02 && substr($dat,0,4)%4 == 0 )? 72 : 1;
break;
case ‘30′: $dat += (in_array( substr($dat,4,2), array(04,06,09,11)))? 71 : 1;
break;
case ‘31′: $dat += (substr($dat,4,2) == 12 )? 8870 : 70;
break;
default: $dat++;
break;
}
}
return $i-1;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
?>
To get number of Weeks in a particular Year
<?php
$weeks_in_year = strftime("%W",strtotime("12/31/2007"));
?>
To get the number of weeks in a particular Month
date("W") - date("W",strtotime(date("F") . " 1st " . date("Y"))) + 1;
To find the business days between two dates
<?php
//The function returns the no. of business days between two dates and it skeeps the holidays
function getWorkingDays($startDate,$endDate,$holidays){
//The total number of days between the two dates. We compute the no. of seconds and divide it to 60*60*24
//We add one to inlude both dates in the interval.
$days = (strtotime($endDate) - strtotime($startDate)) / 86400 + 1;
$no_full_weeks = floor($days / 7);
$no_remaining_days = fmod($days, 7);
//It will return 1 if it’s Monday,.. ,7 for Sunday
$the_first_day_of_week = date("N",strtotime($startDate));
$the_last_day_of_week = date("N",strtotime($endDate));
//The two can’t be equal because the $no_remaining_days (the interval between $the_first_day_of_week and $the_last_day_of_week) is at most 6
//In the first case the whole interval is within a week, in the second case the interval falls in two weeks.
if ($the_first_day_of_week < $the_last_day_of_week){
if ($the_first_day_of_week <= 6 && 6 <= $the_last_day_of_week) $no_remaining_days–;
if ($the_first_day_of_week <= 7 && 7 <= $the_last_day_of_week) $no_remaining_days–;
}
else{
if ($the_first_day_of_week <= 6) $no_remaining_days–;
//In the case when the interval falls in two weeks, there will be a Sunday for sure
$no_remaining_days–;
}
//The no. of business days is: (number of weeks between the two dates) * (5 working days) + the remainder
$workingDays = $no_full_weeks * 5 + $no_remaining_days;
//We subtract the holidays
foreach($holidays as $holiday){
$time_stamp=strtotime($holiday);
//If the holiday doesn’t fall in weekend
if (strtotime($startDate) <= $time_stamp && $time_stamp <= strtotime($endDate) && date("N",$time_stamp) != 6 && date("N",$time_stamp) != 7)
$workingDays–;
}
return $workingDays;
}
//Example:
$holidays=array("2006-12-25","2006-12-26","2007-01-01");
echo getWorkingDays("2006-12-22","2007-01-06",$holidays)
// => will return 8
?>
To count quarters between dates
function countQuarters($begindate, $enddate)
{
if (!isset($begindate) || empty($begindate) || !isset($enddate) || empty($enddate))
return -1;
$countyears = date("Y", strtotime($enddate)) - date("Y", strtotime($begindate));
$quarters = 0;
if (date("Y", strtotime($enddate)) == date("Y", strtotime($begindate)))
{
if (date("m", strtotime($enddate)) != date("m", strtotime($begindate)))
{
if (date("m", strtotime($enddate)) > date("m", strtotime($begindate)))
{
$difference = date("m", strtotime($enddate)) - date("m", strtotime($begindate));
$quarters += ceil((int) $difference / 4);
}
else
{
return -1;
}
}
}
else
{
$quarters = (int) $countyears * 4;
if (date("m", strtotime($enddate)) != date("m", strtotime($begindate)))
{
if (date("m", strtotime($enddate)) > date("m", strtotime($begindate)))
{
$difference = date("m", strtotime($enddate)) - date("m", strtotime($begindate));
$quarters += ceil((int) $difference / 4);
}
else
{
$afterbegin = 12 - (int) date("m", strtotime($begindate));
$untilend = date("m", strtotime($enddate));
$quarters = ($quarters - 4) + ceil(($afterbegin + $untilend) / 4);
}
}
}
return $quarters;
}
Country Zone : Time Zone Name
-12 : Dateline Standard
-11 : Samoa Standard Time
-10 : Hawaiian Standard Time
-8 : Pacific Standard Time
-7 : Mexican Standard Time, Mountain Standard Time
-6 : Central Standard Time, Mexico Standard Time
-5 : Eastern Standard Time Eastern Time, SA Pacific Standard Time
-4 : Atlantic Standard Time, SA Western Standard Time, Pacific SA Standard Time
-3.5 : Newfoundland Standard Time
-3 : SA Eastern Standard Time, E. South America Standard Time
-2 : Mid:Atlantic Standard Time
-1 : Azores Standard Time, Cape Verde Standard Time
0 : Universal Coordinated Time, Greenwich Mean Time
1 : Romance Standard Time, Central Africa Standard Time, Central European Standard Time
2 : Egypt Standard Time, South Africa Standard Time, E. Europe Standard Time, FLE Standard Time, GTB Standard Time
3 : Arab Standard Time, E. Africa Standard Time, Arabic Standard Time, Russian Standard Time
3.5 : Iran Standard Time
4 : Arabian Standard Time, Caucasus Standard Time, Afghanistan Standard Time
5 : West Asia Standard Time
5.5 : India Standard Time
5.75 : Nepal Standard Time
6 : Central Asia Standard Time
6.5 : Myanmar Standard Time
7 : SE Asia Standard Time, North Asia Standard Time
8 : China Standard Time, W. Australia Standard Time, Singapore Standard Time, Taipei Standard Time, North Asia East Standard Time
9 : Tokyo Standard Time, Korea Standard Time, Yakutsk Standard Time
9.5 : AUS Central Standard Time, Cen. Australia Standard Time
10 : AUS Eastern Standard Time, E. Australia Standard Time
West Pacific Standard Time, Tasmania Standard Time, Vladivostok Standard Time
11 : Central Pacific Standard Time
12 : Fiji Standard Time, New Zealand Standard Time
13 : Tonga Standard Time
To generate an array of dates that are mondays or any given dates best used for reporting purposes
function getMondays($year) {
$newyear = $year;
$week = 0;
$day = 0;
$mo = 1;
$mondays = array();
$i = 1;
while ($week != 1) {
$day++;
$week = date("w", mktime(0, 0, 0, $mo,$day, $year));
}
array_push($mondays,date("r", mktime(0, 0, 0, $mo,$day, $year)));
while ($newyear == $year) {
$test = strtotime(date("r", mktime(0, 0, 0, $mo,$day, $year)) . "+" . $i . " week");
$i++;
if ($year == date("Y",$test)) {
array_push($mondays,date("r", $test));
}
$newyear = date("Y",$test);
}
return $mondays;
}
Here’s a way to return the Internet Time with correct date:
<?php
$curtime = time();
$utcdiff = date(’Z', $curtime); // get difference to UTC in seconds
$bmttime = $curtime - $utcdiff + 3600; // BMT = UTC+0100
$ssm = date(’H', $bmttime)*3600 + date(’i', $bmttime)*60 + date(’s’, $bmttime); // seconds since midnight (BMT)
$ibeats = $ssm/86.4; // 86400 seconds = 1000 beats, so 1 beat = 86.4 seconds
echo ‘i.Beats : ‘ . date(’D, d M Y’, $bmttime) . ‘ @’ . $ibeats;
?>
Note: If you would try date(’D, d M Y @B’, $bmttime), the resulting beats would be wrong because the timezone used for calculation of the beats within the date() function is still your local one but the timestamp is UTC+0100. Another working way would be:
<?php
$curtime = time();
$utcdiff = date(’Z', $curtime); // get difference to UTC in seconds
$bmttime = $curtime - $utcdiff + 3600; // BMT = UTC+0100
echo ‘i.Beats : ‘ . date(’D, d M Y’, $bmttime) . ‘ @’ . date(’B', $curtime);
?>
To check for any particular date use checkdate function
Syntax: bool checkdate ( int $month , int $day , int $year )
Month: The month is between 1 and 12 inclusive.
Day : The day is within the allowed number of days for the given month . Leap year s are taken into consideration.
Year : The year is between 1 and 32767 inclusive.
Example:
<?php
var_dump(checkdate(12, 31, 2000));
var_dump(checkdate(2, 29, 2001));
?>
The above example will output:
bool(true)
bool(false)
date_default_timezone_set — Sets the default timezone used by all date/time functions in a script
date_default_timezone_get — Gets the default timezone used by all date/time functions in a script
date_sun_info — Returns an array with information about sunset/sunrise and twilight begin/end
Syntax: array date_sun_info ( int $time , float $latitude , float $longitude )
date_sunrise — Returns time of sunrise for a given day and location
Syntax: mixed date_sunrise ( int $timestamp [, int $format [, float $latitude [, float $longitude [, float $zenith [, float $gmt_offset ]]]]] )
date_sunrise() returns the sunrise time for a given day (specified as a timestamp ) and location.
date_sunset — Returns time of sunset for a given day and location
Syntax: mixed date_sunset ( int $timestamp [, int $format [, float $latitude [, float $longitude [, float $zenith [, float $gmt_offset ]]]]] )
date_sunset() returns the sunset time for a given day (specified as a timestamp ) and location.
gettimeofday — Get current time
Syntax: mixed gettimeofday ([ bool $return_float ] )
This is an interface to gettimeofday(2). It returns an associative array containing the data returned from the system call.
microtime — Return current Unix timestamp with microseconds
Syntax: mixed microtime ([ bool $get_as_float ] )
microtime() returns the current Unix timestamp with microseconds. This function is only available on operating systems that support the gettimeofday() system call.
mktime — Get Unix timestamp for a date
Syntax: int mktime ([ int $hour [, int $minute [, int $second [, int $month [, int $day [, int $year [, int $is_dst ]]]]]]] )
Returns the Unix timestamp corresponding to the arguments given. This timestamp is a long integer containing the number of seconds between the Unix Epoch (January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT) and the time specified.
Generally, we are familiar with setting the target of a link to "_new" to spawn a secondary browser; there are other interesting ways of opening/launching of windows too using JavaScript.
JavaScript can help load 3 kinds of windows:
-Regular secondary window
-Modal window
-DHTML window
<script>
function loadwindow(){
window.open("http://www.hurricanesoftwares.com","","width=500,height=400,status=1")
}
</script>
<form><input type="button" onClick="loadwindow()" value="Load Window"></form>
"status=1" tells the method to display the status bar; "1" is the computer equivalent of "yes"
Manipulating the window
There are various methods available to move, close, resize or reload the window.
-window.location.reload() //reloads window
-window.close() //closes window
-window.moveTo(x,y) //moves window to specified location
-window.moveBy(x,y) //moves window by specified offset
-window.resizeTo(x,y) //resizes window to specified dimensions
-window.resizeBy(x,y) //resizes window by specified amount
To use these methods on the current window, simply call them as is on the page. You can also use them on the opened window, by following these two steps:
Step 1: When opening a window, assign a variable to it:
mywin=window.open("http://www.hurricanesoftwares.com")
Step 1: Use this variable to reference the opened window, then apply the desired method on it:
mywin.location.reload //reload mywin
mywin.moveTo(0,0) //positions window at upper left corner of monitor
Ok, getting back on track…
Modal Window
Modal windows are a fun Internet Explorer specific feature. The window sits "focused" on the page until the user clicks on the close button. The window does not go into the background no matter what (for example, clicking on the main window).
window.showModalDialog("http://www.hurricanesoftwares.com","","dialogWidth:500px;dialogHeight:500px")
Notice how I use dialogWidth and dialogHeight to specify the window’s dimension. You also need to specify the unit, which in this case I use px.
DHTML Window
A new type of window is emerging, one I think is worth mentioning. It is now possible to recreate the entire window interface through JavaScript and DHTML. The result is a less intrusive, inline popup window.
JavaScript, aka Mocha, aka LiveScript, aka JScript, aka ECMAScript, is one of the world’s most popular programming languages. Virtually every personal computer in the world has at least one JavaScript interpreter installed on it and in active use. JavaScript’s popularity is due entirely to its role as the scripting language of the WWW.
Despite its popularity, few know that JavaScript is a very nice dynamic object-oriented general-purpose programming language. How can this be a secret? Why is this language so misunderstood?
The article by Douglas in Crockford.com clearly shows the lack of knowledge or misunderstanding people have about JavaScript.
I do believe that there can be several reasons why people haven’t taken the JavaScript as strongly as they took other server side languages like PHP, Ruby etc though JS is used in almost all the websites.
The problem of JavaScript is that for years there have been no decent debugging tools. Because of that it takes a huge amount of effort just to write stable code. At the end the day a programmer is so frustrated with JavaScript that at the point he’s not interested in looking into ‘cool’ features.
I think it’s libraries like Prototype, script.aculo.us, etc. that have breathed new life in to JavaScript. At any rate, they caused me to take a second look at the language and realize its power and usefulness.
I would highly recommend Dojo, http://dojotoolkit.org/, to anyone thinking of doing any type of semi-complex javascript or AJAX. It also has scads of utility scripts that, in the past, I have found myself writing over and over again.
Though the docs are currently sparse, there a large number of test cases that give great examples and the mailing list is incredibly helpful. Dojo is also great example of how to properly write OO javascript. They even use a package naming structure similar to Java to help organize code.
I have also found few people in my vicinity who thinks that COBOL is most misunderstood programming language.
JavaScript is a scripting language most often used for client-side web development. It was the originating dialect of the ECMAScript standard. As such, it is a dynamic, weakly typed, prototype-based language with first-class functions.
JavaScript was influenced by many languages and was designed to have a similar look to Java, but be easier for non-programmers to work with. The language is best known for its use in websites (as client-side JavaScript), but is also used to enable scripting access to objects embedded in other applications.
Despite the name, JavaScript is essentially unrelated to the Java programming language, though both have a common debt to C syntax, and JavaScript copies many Java names and naming conventions. The language was renamed from LiveScript in a co-marketing deal between Netscape and Sun in exchange for Netscape bundling Sun’s Java runtime with their browser, which was dominant at the time. The key design principles within JavaScript are inherited from the Self programming language.
"JavaScript" is a trademark of Sun Microsystems. It was used under license for technology invented and implemented by Netscape Communications and current entities such as the Mozilla Foundation.
avaScript was originally developed by Brendan Eich of Netscape under the name Mocha, later LiveScript, and finally renamed to JavaScript. The change of name from LiveScript to JavaScript roughly coincided with Netscape adding support for Java technology in its Netscape Navigator web browser. JavaScript was first introduced and deployed in the Netscape browser version 2.0B3 in December of 1995. The naming has caused confusion, giving the impression that the language is a spinoff of Java and has been characterized by many as a marketing ploy by Netscape to give JavaScript the cachet of what was then the hot new web-programming language.
To avoid trademark issues, Microsoft named its dialect of the language JScript. JScript was first supported in Internet Explorer version 3.0, released in August 1996 and included Y2K compliant date functions, unlike those based on java.util.Date in JavaScript at the time.
Netscape submitted JavaScript to Ecma International for standardization resulting in the standardized version named ECMAScript.
Structured programming
JavaScript supports all the structured programming syntax in C, e.g. if statement, while loops, switch statement, etc. One exception is scoping: JavaScript supports function-level scoping, but not block-level scoping.
Dynamic programming
dynamic typing
As in most scripting languages, types are associated with values, not variables. For example, a variable x could be bound to a number, then later rebound to a string. JavaScript supports various ways to test the type of an object, including duck typing.
objects as associative arrays
JavaScript is heavily object-based. Objects are associative arrays, such that object property names are associative array keys. obj.x = 10 and obj["x"] = 10 are equivalent, the dot notation being merely syntactic sugar. Properties and their values can be added, changed, or deleted at run-time.
interpreted
Conforming JavaScript engines must be able to interpret (as opposed to compile) source code. This allows JavaScript to include an eval function.
Function-level programming
first-class functions
Functions are first-class; they are objects themselves. As such, they have properties and can be passed around and interacted with like any other object.
inner functions and closures
Inner functions (functions defined within other functions) are created each time the outer function is invoked, and variables of the outer functions for that invocation continue to exist as long as the inner functions still exist, even if that invocation is finished (e.g. if the inner function was returned) — this is the mechanism behind closures within JavaScript.
Prototype-based
prototypes
JavaScript uses prototypes instead of classes for defining object properties, including methods, and inheritance. It is possible to simulate many class-based features with prototypes in JavaScript.
functions as object constructors
Functions double as object constructors along with their typical role. Prefixing a function call with new creates a new object and calls that function with its local this keyword bound to that object. The function’s prototype property determines the new object’s prototype.
functions as methods
Unlike many object-oriented languages, there is no distinction between a function definition and a method definition. Rather, the distinction occurs during function calling; a function can be called as a method. When a function is invoked as a method of an object, the function’s local this keyword is bound to that object.
Others
run-time environment
JavaScript typically relies on a run-time environment (e.g. in a web browser) to provide objects and methods by which scripts can interact with "the outside world". (This is not a language feature per se, but it is common in most JavaScript implementations.)
variadic functions
An indefinite number of parameters can be passed to a function. The function can both access them through formal parameters and the local arguments object.
regular expressions
JavaScript also supports regular expressions in a manner similar to Perl, which provide a concise and powerful syntax for text manipulation that is more sophisticated than the built-in string functions.
The primary use of JavaScript is to write functions that are embedded in or included from HTML pages and interact with the Document Object Model (DOM) of the page. Some simple examples of this usage are:
* Opening or popping up a new window with programmatic control over the size, position and ‘look’ of the new window (i.e. whether the menus, toolbars, etc. are visible).
* Validation of web form input values to make sure that they will be accepted before they are submitted to the server.
* Changing images as the mouse cursor moves over them: This effect is often used to draw the user’s attention to important links displayed as graphical elements.
Because JavaScript code can run locally in a user’s browser (rather than on a remote server), it can respond to user actions quickly, making an application feel more responsive. Furthermore, JavaScript code can detect user actions which HTML alone cannot, such as individual keystrokes. Applications such as Gmail take advantage of this: much of the user-interface logic is written in JavaScript, and JavaScript dispatches requests for information (such as the content of an e-mail message) to the server. The wider trend of Ajax programming similarly exploits this strength.
A JavaScript engine (also known as JavaScript interpreter or JavaScript implementation) is an interpreter that interprets JavaScript source code and executes the script accordingly. The first ever JavaScript engine was created by Brendan Eich at Netscape Communications Corporation, for the Netscape Navigator web browser. The engine, code named SpiderMonkey, is implemented in C. It has since been updated (in JavaScript 1.5) to conform to ECMA-262 Edition 3. The Rhino engine, created primarily by Norris Boyd (also at Netscape) is a JavaScript implementation in Java. Like SpiderMonkey, Rhino is ECMA-262 Edition 3 compliant.
By far, the most common host environment for JavaScript is a web browser. Web browsers typically use the public API to create "host objects" responsible for reflecting the DOM into JavaScript. The web server is another common application of the engine. A JavaScript webserver would expose host objects representing a HTTP request and response objects, which a JavaScript program could then manipulate to dynamically generate web pages.
The DOM interfaces for manipulating Web pages are not part of the ECMAScript standard, or of JavaScript itself. Officially, they are defined by a separate standardization effort by the W3C; in practice, browser implementations differ from the standards and from each other, and not all browsers execute JavaScript.
To deal with these differences, JavaScript authors can attempt to write standards-compliant code which will also be executed correctly by most browsers; failing that, they can write code that checks for the presence of certain browser features and behaves differently if they are not available. In some cases, two browsers may both implement a feature but with different behavior, and authors may find it practical to detect what browser is running and change their script’s behavior to match. Programmers may also use libraries or toolkits which take browser differences into account.
Furthermore, scripts will not work for all users. For example, a user may:
* use an old or rare browser with incomplete or unusual DOM support,
* use a PDA or mobile phone browser which cannot execute JavaScript,
* have JavaScript execution disabled as a security precaution,
* or be visually or otherwise disabled and use a speech browser
To support these users, Web authors can try to create pages which degrade gracefully on user agents (browsers) which do not support the page’s JavaScript.
Security
JavaScript and the DOM provide the potential for malicious authors to deliver scripts to run on a client computer via the Web. Browser authors contain this risk using two restrictions. First, scripts run in a sandbox in which they can only perform Web-related actions, not general-purpose programming tasks like creating files. Second, scripts are constrained by the same origin policy: scripts from one Web site do not have access to information such as usernames, passwords, or cookies sent to another site. Most JavaScript-related security bugs are breaches of either the same origin policy or the sandbox.
Cross-site vulnerabilities
A common JavaScript-related security problem is cross-site scripting, or XSS, a violation of the same origin policy. XSS vulnerabilities occur when an attacker is able to cause a trusted Web site, such as an online banking website, to include a malicious script in the webpage presented to a victim. In that example, the script can then access the banking application with the privileges of the victim, potentially disclosing secret information or transferring money without the victim’s authorization.
XSS vulnerabilities can also occur because of implementation mistakes by browser authors.
XSS is related to, but not the same as, cross-site request forgery or XSRF. In XSRF, one website causes a victim’s browser to generate fraudulent requests to another site, with the victim’s legitimate HTTP cookies attached to the request.
Misunderstanding the client-server boundary
Client-server applications, whether they involve JavaScript or not, must assume that untrusted clients may be under the control of attackers. Thus any secret embedded in JavaScript could be extracted by a determined adversary, and the output of JavaScript operations should not be trusted by the server. Some implications:
* Web site authors cannot perfectly conceal how their JavaScript operates because the code is sent to the client and obfuscated code can be reverse engineered.
* JavaScript form validation only provides convenience for users, not security. If a site verifies that the user agreed to its terms of service, or filters invalid characters out of fields that should only contain numbers, it must do so on the server, not only the client.
* It would be extremely bad practice to embed a password in JavaScript (where it can be extracted by an attacker), then have JavaScript verify a user’s password and pass "password_ok=1" back to the server (since the "password_ok=1" response is easy to forge).
Browser and plugin coding errors
JavaScript provides an interface to a wide range of browser capabilities, some of which may have flaws such as buffer overflows. These flaws can allow attackers to write scripts which would run any code they wish on the user’s system.
These flaws have affected major browsers including Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Safari.
Plugins, such as video players, Macromedia Flash, and the wide range of ActiveX controls enabled by default in Microsoft Internet Explorer, may also have flaws exploitable via JavaScript, and such flaws have been exploited in the past. In Windows Vista, Microsoft has attempted to contain the risks of bugs such as buffer overflows by running the Internet Explorer process with limited privileges.
Sandbox implementation errors
Web browsers are capable of running JavaScript outside of the sandbox, with the privileges necessary to, for example, create or delete files. Of course, such privileges aren’t meant to be granted to code from the Web.
Incorrectly granting privileges to JavaScript from the Web has played a role in vulnerabilities in both Internet Explorer and Firefox. In Windows XP Service Pack 2, Microsoft tightened the rules on what JavaScript would be run with high privileges by Internet Explorer.
Some versions of Microsoft Windows allow JavaScript stored on a computer’s hard drive to run as a general-purpose, non-sandboxed program. This makes JavaScript (like VBScript) a theoretically viable vector for a Trojan horse, although JavaScript Trojan horses are uncommon in practice.
Demonstrating continuing progress with its next-generation wireless network initiative, Sprint (NYSE: S) today announced new Xohm(TM) mobile Internet business agreements involving web portal services and WiMAX network access devices. The company also named an advertising agency of record to help launch the Xohm brand in the United States.
A soft launch of Xohm mobile Internet service is underway with employees in Chicago, Baltimore and Washington, D.C., in preparation for commercial WiMAX service launch beginning later this year in select U.S. cities.
"Sprint is delivering on its Open Internet vision with exciting and differentiated WiMAX services," explained Barry West, president of Sprint’s Xohm business unit. "The new service agreements and device commitments will help Xohm subscribers access, enjoy, store and secure personal digital and user-generated content while experiencing new device innovation."
Sprint is exhibiting Xohm WiMAX applications, access devices and showing WiMAX broadband technical demonstrations during the 2008 International CES show in Las Vegas at booth # 31561, South Hall, in the Las Vegas Convention Center. The company plans to enhance and safeguard the Xohm personal broadband experience as it expands its WiMAX services ecosystem.
